Monday, January 27, 2020

An Analysis Of Microwave Ovens English Language Essay

An Analysis Of Microwave Ovens English Language Essay Microwave oven is a kitchen appliance which cooks food using microwave energy. Microwave oven is quick and efficient equipment because it transfers heat energy directly to the molecules inside foods. Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation which is very close to radio waves and sunlight. Microwave oven has shortened the time to prepare food. The history of microwave oven began in the era of World War II. It has experienced a lot of changes before the present model of the microwave oven is formed. Similar to other great inventions, the invention of microwave oven happened accidently. In 1945, an American electrical engineer, Dr. Percy Spencer (1894-1970), was carrying out experiment with radar equipment, which detects objects by bouncing waves and analyzing the signals it produced. For example, radio waves are used to help ships and airplanes find their way around in darkness or poor weather. Dr. Percy Spencer had a bar of chocolate in his pocket when he was conducting experiment using a special kind of vacuum tube called a magnetron. Surprisingly, the chocolate bar in his pocket had melted due to the heat of the magnetron generated. He was curious about the heat generated by the magnetron. Hence, he leaved some popcorn kernels close to magnetron tube and observed it. He watched the popcorn started to sputter, crack and p op everywhere. Next day, Dr. Percy Spencer and his partner place an egg near the magnetron tube. They observed that the egg started to shake and quake due to the high rise in temperature create high pressure in the egg. Eventually, the egg exploded and splashed the egg yolk all over his partners face. After conducting few experiments, Dr. Percy Spencer came out a scientific conclusion which is microwave energy can be used to heat items. In 1953, he patented his idea and the first microwave oven was launched. In order to create a high density electromagnetic field, he used a metal box which there is a supply of microwave power in it. The food was put into the metal box and then the food was heated up rapidly. The early equipment was large, inefficient and expensive. In 1967, the first household microwave oven was formed and then microwave oven is now become widely used around the world. firstmicro.gif The Features of Microwave Oven Some of the features of the microwave oven are shown as below: Magnetron Waveguide Automatic Cooking Programmes Power Supplyuntitled1.JPG Cooling Fan/Stirrer Turntable Cool Touch Door Child Lockmicrowave2.jpg Interlock Below are some of the explanations of the features which assist the microwave oven in cooking food: Automatic Cooking Programmes Users are allowed to enter the weight and type of food into the programmes. Then, the oven will automatically selects the temperature and cooking time. Below are some of the pre-set programmes : Easy clock oven programming The time of day is displayed by the electronic clock. Besides, the electronic clock also acts as a countdown timer to show the end of the timer function. The microwave oven will do the rest after users set the end time, the duration of cooking together with the functions and temperature of cooking. Numeric keypad Cooking time and power levels are set by using this numeric keypad. It is more convenient to use compared to a dial. 1-minute or 30-second key The preset cooking time is extended, maintaining any power level which was chosen. Quick adjustments are also allowed to the previous settings by pressing the specific buttons. Power Supply The power supply allows users to control the amount of energy wasted. The variable power control enables users to simmer the food at 50% power whereas defrost the food at 30% power. Thus, full power is not used for all purposes to avoid energy loss. Cool Touch Doors The heat can be stored in the reflective inner whereas the cool touch door is placed on the outside of microwave oven. Protective metal gauze is located at the back of the door to avoid microwaves escape to surrounding. The protective metal gauze is also designed for safety purpose. Cooling Fan/Stirrer Cool air is circulated around the oven to ensure the appliance and nearby furniture are kept cool all the time. Besides, hot air vented from the microwave oven is also cooled. This results in less steam as cooler air is vented into kitchen. It virtually eradicates grease discolouration. Magnetron The microwaves are generated by magnetron which is the heart of the microwave oven. This strong metal box prevents harmful microwaves from escaping to the surrounding. Interlock There has a chance for burning if the door of the microwave oven, which is still running, is opened. Therefore, the microwave oven should stop immediately when the door is opened. The Interlock is designed to ovoid the running of microwave oven if the door is opened. Turntable Equal amount of heat could not be dissipated all over the food in microwave oven resulting some part of food might receive more heat whereas some part of food receive less heat. Turntable is a revolving glass which is installed into microwave oven to ensure even cooking. The turntable rotates the food so that the food is cooked evenly. It is crucial that having a turntable inside the microwave oven to ensure even cooking. Without this feature, users have to stop the microwave oven several times and turn the food by themselves. Child Lock Child lock is the most reliable child safety feature for microwave oven. Dishes in microwave oven might be very hot. Children might be in the risk if they open the door and touch the dishes. Child lock can be controlled using the key pad on the microwave oven. Waveguide Waveguide is a hollow metal tube which transports the microwave energy into the cooking cavity. Rectangular shaped waveguides are used for vast majority of microwave oven. The microwaves energy travel by reflecting form side to side in a zigzag pattern. 130411 Microwave oven The Functions of Microwave Oven How do microwaves cook food?Simple artwork showing how a microwave oven works There are several main parts of a microwave oven. A microwave generator, which is called a magnetron is placed inside the strong metal box. When you start to cook, the power outlet transmits the electricity to the magnetron. Then, a high-powered, 12 cm high-frequency electromagnetic wave is converted by the magnetron. After that, wave guide blasts these waves into food partition. The food is then placed on a turntable which will spin slowly to enable the food to be cooked evenly. The microwaves do not simply rebound when microwaves reach the food. This concept is same as the radio waves which can penetrate straight through the walls of buildings. When the microwaves travel through the food, they cause the water molecules inside the food vibrate more quickly. The microwave energy which is produced by the magnetron is converted into heat energy of the water molecules. Dry food such as rice and pasta will not cook in the microwave oven without the presence of water. Hence, the heat energy causes the molecules to vibrate more quickly. Besides, the vibrating molecules contain heat too, the quicker the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food. Thus, the microwaves transfer energy onto molecules in the food and rapidly heating up. Shortcomings of Microwave Oven A coin has two sides and so does any device. A microwave oven too has its own strength and weakness. Like other kitchen appliance, microwaves also have some demerits. Some of the shortcomings of microwave oven are shown as below: Uneven Cooking There are chances of the food getting over cooked or unevenly cooked. Unevenly cooked may result in the hot food being on top and uncooked food at the bottom. The surface of food which exposed to the most microwaves has a tendency to heat up faster than the insides. Normally, the microwaves have to neglect molecules on the outside in order to excite the molecules inside the food. The thicker the food, the more difficult the microwaves penetrate the food. Specific Utensils are Required Microwave oven need specific utensils to cook food as not all metals and alloy vessels can be used. Some of the materials, such as metal and foil, are tended to reflect microwave energy. Usage of metal utensils in microwave oven is avoided except for some recommended procedures which use metal and foil as outlined in the use and care manual. The following are the reasons why metal and foil should be avoided in microwave oven: The efficiency of cooking is largely decreased due to the metal utensils only allow partial penetration of the food by the microwaves. An arc between the metal utensils and the cavity interior can damage the oven if the food is too small to absorb the microwave energy. Superheating It is dangerous to heat liquids as they can be superheated which may lead to explosions. The actual problem happened when this superheated liquid is perturbed. Superheated liquid in conjunction with the agitation are enough to prompt troubles. The superheated liquid is able to burst off with the additional force on any disturbance. Risk of Steam Blasts The tight covering of containers can cause a high risk of steam blasts in the microwaves. As the temperature rise up, the molecules in the container receive more kinetic energy. Thus, the molecules collide each other create higher pressure in the container than outside. When the pressure inside the container exceeds its limitation, it will produce an explosion within the microwave oven. Recommendations Based on the above shortcomings listed, the recommendations for above shortcomings are given as below: Uneven cooking Food thermometer can be used to test food in several places to make sure that the food has reached the recommended temperature in order to kill bacteria and other harmful microorganisms which could cause food borne diseases. Moreover, food is arranged evenly in a covered dish and some liquid is added to promote uniform cooking. If it is possible, large pieces of meat is deboned because bone can affect performance of meat during cooking. Special Utensils are Required Microwave-safe containers and vessels should be used for cooking. The cookware, which specifically manufactured for use in the microwave oven, should be selected during cooking. Utensils which are safe to use typically will be labeled for microwave oven use. Examples of the utensils which are safe to use are heatproof glass, glass-ceramic, oven cooking bags and etc. Superheating Avoid heating liquids for more than two minutes. Liquid do not bubble as they reach the boiling point in the microwave oven. Thus, it might get superheated. The superheated liquid only will bubble when it is moved and something disturbs it. When heating liquids, it is advisable to put a wooden stick in the container in order to prevent super heating of the liquid. After heating, the liquid is placed in the microwave oven for thirty second before taking it out. Risk of Steam Blasts The containers of the microwave oven are never covered tightly. The heated containers should not be taken out immediately after cooking from the microwave. This can ensure that the food is cooked properly and the steam is allowed to escape. Conclusion As all of us know, microwave ovens are often be used daily in kitchens, cafeterias, restaurants, snack bars and homes. Today, it is perhaps the most successful electric appliance introduction in the 20th century. In a world where time means money and life is on the fast lane, we do not really have time to wait around much anymore. Everyone wants things to be fast.  With the existence of microwave oven, we can do quick cooking just with the press of a button.   The food can be prepared from the refrigerator to the microwave oven and onto the dining table in a short time.   If compared to the gas or electric oven, we do not need to worry about the burner whether it is still being heated after the food is prepared by using microwave oven. Thus, the chance for someone to get burned can be reduced. Microwave oven users are often concerned about the issues of potential health hazards from the exposure to microwave radiation leakage. However, with the latest technology advances in door seal design, the leakage of microwave oven has been greatly minimized. Also, as long as the microwave oven is kept clean and dry in a safe location, it should be perfectly safe to use. We should know that successful microwave cooking depends on understanding the limitations as well as the benefits of this type of cooking. If it is used in a proper way, it can be considered that the microwave oven offers a great, convenient and safe method of food preparation without any harmful effects on consumer safety or nutrition. In conclusion, the microwave oven has come a long way, decreased in height, weight, and price. It has made everyone life easier.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Types of Organizational Structures

Question 2 Would it be wrong of Rushton as a Group Managing Director of the organization to ask Walter about his health? Defend your answer by applying to moral principles. In the Kant’s Ethics, the Rushton is not wrong to ask Walter about his health, because Kant’s Ethics is saying a person doing their duty, means that person is right no relationship with the what result. Example Rushton as a Group Managing Director of the organization, this is his duty to ask for Walter about his health.Another, Rushton also is not wrong to ask Walter about his health, because in Utilitarianism Ethics is a theory in  normative ethics  holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, specifically defined as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering. Simple said that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.In this case Rushton is asking for Walter about his health, this will make the Walter unhappy, but in the most of Walter’s colleagues will happy , because they can be relieved in their working place. In conclusion, Rushton it not wrong to ask Walter about his health. Question 4 In what way, should the company address the problem of public fear and prejudice when employee with AIDS has direct contact with customers? In that way, the company should provide more relevant about AIDS information to customers.People simply touching someone with AIDS or being in contact with them do not transfer the disease. If there was contact between open or exposed flesh then that's a different story. AIDS will transfer the disease just has only a few ways, example during sexual contact, as a result of injection drug use and as a result of an occupational exposure. So the company can talk about AIDS transfer disease information to customers. This way can make customers know about AIDS knowledge and also can save customer’s worry.Another way, the company can transfer AIDS patients to ot her less direct contact with customers’ departments. An example of this case, the company can transferred Walter from senior operation manager into other departments such as financial departments, production department or quality control department does a manager. These departments are not directly in contact with customers. In these ways, the company can continue to employ talents and also can prevent customer’s fear and prejudice.

Friday, January 10, 2020

This Should Not of Happened to Peter Connelly

This should not of happened to Peter Connelly – By Jonathan Pinder Born 1st March, 2006, Peter Connelly â€Å"Baby P† was only three months old when his natural father walked out after the mother; Tracey Connelly began an affair with Steven Barker, a racist thug obsessed with Nazi memorabilia and pornography. This was the start of the end for such a beautiful little innocent boy! In the world we live in today this should NEVER have happened!So many things should never have slipped through the net and gone un-noticed. The professionals where the only people that could of saved this poor little boy’s life, they had the words! They had the means! And they had the power to stop this. But instead Fifteen month-old ‘Baby P' was left to die at the hands of his mother and stepfather because of catastrophic blunders by doctors, police and the same Haringey Borough Council who so disastrously failed to help nine year-old Victoria Climbie ten years earlier.Rather than resign in shame, doctors and social workers have fallen over each other to blame others and keep their jobs. And so it begins! In November 2006, Tracey Connelly’s new boyfriend, Steven Barker, moved in with her and shortly after the new lover moved into the family home in Finsbury Park, north London, Peter was seen with bruises and scratches on his skin on a visit to his GP Dr Jerome Ikwueke. This is when the excuses and lies began; Tracey Connelly’s excuse was that the boy's skin ‘bruised easily. But no sooner had Peter visited the Doctors, Peter was taken to Whittington hospital with a head injury, bruising to the bridge of the nose, sternum, right shoulder and buttocks and when Tracey was asked about finger-marks on Peters body, the mother said they were from ‘holding him and throwing him up in the air. ‘(Excuse and lie number 2) She also claimed that Peter, now only 9 months old, liked ‘rough and tumble play’ (Excuse and lie number 3 ) when she was under police questioning on suspicion of assault.This is where Haringey social services placed Peter on the ‘at risk' register and visited the family home to find it filthy and smelling of urine. Is this acceptable for a baby Was this question asked Yes it was and they came to the conclusion to let Peter stay with Angela Godfrey, a church going therapist and Tracey Connelly's best friend, instead of a foster carer. Why a friend of the mother who has just been questioned on suspicion of assaulting Peter and who’s house was so filthy? But within just a month, on January 26, 2007, with no decision made on any charge against the mother, Peter was allowed back home!Mistake 1 and the first of many! On April 9TH, Peter was taken to hospital with a large swelling to his head and bruises to his eyes and cheek. Despite the injuries – which Tracey Connelly claimed were caused by another boy pushing him into a fireplace (Excuse and lie number 4) – docto rs focused on treating the boy for possible symptoms of meningitis. While at hospital Tracey Connelly told staff ‘I had been told in March that if there were any more accidental injuries they were going to take him away. ‘ Was this Tracey’s way of asking for help? If so why wasn’t this followed up?Well it was and social services took no action other than to buy the family a fireguard. A fireguard Then on June 1st the social worker made an unannounced visit to the home and found Peter with bruises under the chin and a red line under his eye. Tracey Connelly claimed that another 18 month-old child had hit the boy during a squabble (Excuse and lie number 5). Tracey Connelly was ordered to take him to hospital. An examination by doctors revealed more bruising in 12 different areas of his body including a ‘grip mark' on his leg. Tracey Connelly was interviewed by police four days later but again released on bail for the second time.Disregarding the mountin g evidence, it was decided jointly by police and social services to allow Peter home on condition his care was supervised by Angela Godfrey. The police officer investigating both assaults, DC Angela Slade, did at first object to returning the child but it was decided there was not enough evidence to start care proceedings. Peter's condition deteriorated even faster he lost weight and his scalp and ear infections became so bad that the child-minder refused to look after him anymore and his GP only prescribed anti-bacterial cream.When Peter spent a night with his natural father; he had lost nails on his fingers and toes. On the next visit by social worker during a scheduled visit Tracey Connelly covered up Peter's bruises with chocolate (Excuse and lie number 6). Why was this happening and still no-one noticed anything and spoke up? Peters Last Chance The last chance to save Peter's life came on August 1st, when a doctor examined him at the Child Development Clinic in St Anne's Hospit al, Tottenham. The doctor failed to spot his fractured ribs and ignored a series of bruises to his back and legs. Peter may even have already been paralysed y having his back snapped over a hard surface such as an adult knee or cot. When in court the doctor later said ‘He didn't look any different from any child with a common cold. ‘ The next day, August 2nd, 2007, Tracey Connelly was told the assault investigation against her was being dropped and offered a free trip to the seaside as a treat! Peter spent that evening face down in his cot, wrapped tightly in a blanket ‘like a cocoon' while his mother and stepfather celebrated. Peter was already dead when Tracey Connelly finally got out of bed at 11am. Good bye Peter. Why didn’t anyone fight for you?Peter was seen by 28 different social workers, doctors and police officers before he was tortured to death! Whoever is to be blamed, and however the degrees of blame are to be portioned out, the bottom line is th at Peter was killed after a horrific 18 month life, during all or most of which he was repeatedly beaten and physically injured by his mother, and her partner, and, perhaps, the lodger. What happened is beyond excusing or excuse-making. Those responsible should be called to account and removed from such work. Everyone from the case workers, to their supervisors, and the doctors and police.Too many people and too many mistakes. Why did everyone make some many failings? The â€Å"devastating† catalogue of failings on the part of Haringey Council, health advisors and police meant that those who highlighted fears were ignored and the obvious signs of abuse went unheeded. It took seven inspectors from Ofsted, the Healthcare Commission and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary just two weeks to produce the report comprising a long list of failings. (See list of failings) But the biggest blow came from the reaction of us, the public who rarely see these types of events and such brutality.This cut us all to the core. To hear this brutality to such a young little boy was harrowing and devastating and then to hear of all the failings made by the people and authorities that where put in place to help prevent this was disgusting and we all wondered what exactly these people do for a living? For me as a support worker originally from a children’s background and now working with vulnerable adults this made me look more closely at my work and the procedures that where in place to see what changes I could possibly make and to be honest the changes aren’t at ground evel that need to be made, these changes need to come from way up the ladder, from managers up to the MP’s. So where do we go from here? What happened here was horrific but we must move forward. This should never have happened but unfortunately these things do happen and do slip through the net, the only positive thing that will come for this will be new rules and recommendations tha t are laid out for departments for Children, Schools, Residential children’s homes, other professional’s and families.The joint area review has brought out a list of recommendations to enable all such parties to ensure that comprehensive and effective safeguarding arrangements for children and young people are established (see attached Recommendations of the joint area review) Also Ed Balls (Children's Secretary) told MPs that in the light of the Baby P case; â€Å"We have tabled three new clauses that will help us to go further towards implementing Lord Laming’s recommendations in this Bill, they will introduce new statutory targets for safeguarding and child protection and require local safeguarding children boards to appoint two members drawn from the local community and to publish an annual report on their effectiveness, But these measures could only go some way to protecting children†. And this is a sad and truthful fact that we will never be able to stop every single death of a child or vulnerable person, despite being known or unknown to social services.It’s a sad point, but it is not realistic to say that every child murder can be prevented. Child protection is everyone’s business, but things that go on behind closed doors stay there- even when they shouldn’t.! LITTLE ANGEL (BABY P) Bye, bye little angel, So bright and so sweet, You had been here with us, With your heart of love and joy, Now you will rest in peace, No one now will treat you bad. We watch you grow and change, We will remember you always, With every smile on your tiny face. You are so special in every way And we will love you every day. List of failings found by Ofsted, the Healthcare Commission and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Insufficient oversight of child protection services by Haringey's councillors and senior officers; *A managerial failure to ensure all the requirements of the inquiry into Victoria Climbie's murder in 2000 is met; *Social workers, health professionals and police do not communicate routinely and consistently; *A failure to identify children who are at immediate risk of harm; *Frontline procedures are of inconsistent quality; *Child protection plans are generally poor; *Record-keeping for case files is inconsistent and often poor; *An over-reliance on performance data which is not always accurate; * A failure to speak directly to children at risk; Concerns that youngsters suspected of being abused may not have been able to speak up without fear; *The Serious Case Review into Baby P's death is inadequate; *The high turnover of social workers at Haringey Council has resulted in heavy reliance on agency staff, leading to a lack of continuity for children and their families; * Heavy workloads for social workers, with the true number of children allocated to them not always accurately counted. The inspectors' summary to their report may have been written in official jargon but its stark meaning is clear enough. They wrote: â€Å"The contribution of local services to improving outcomes for children and young people at risk or requiring safeguarding is inadequate and needs urgent and sustained attention. In other words, vulnerable children in Haringey cannot necessarily rely on the authorities to protect them and Baby P's death was not just tragic bad luck. Recommendations of the joint area review The joint area review made the following recommendations that the Department for Children, Schools and Families should provide immediate appropriate support and challenge to the local authority to ensure that comprehensive and effective safeguarding arrangements for children and young people are established. The Local Authority, working with its partners and in particular health and the police, should: *improve governance of safeguarding arrangements establish more secure assessment and earlier intervention strategies which ensure that, in all cases where concerns about c hildren are identified, agencies can intervene and assess risks of significant harm to children in a timely manner *establish more systematic monitoring of the quality of practice ensure that managers and staff at all levels are accountable for casework decisions, and that they draw as necessary on the expertise of partner agencies to inform the decision making process *take steps to integrate individual service processes and systems across all agencies more effectively *assure the competence of leadership and management in all areas of children’s services and develop clear and effective accountability structures *establish rigorous arrangements for management of performance across all agencies, which ensure that the quality of practice is evaluated and reported regularly and reliably, and that accountability for each action is defined and monitored *make explicit to all staff and elected members the expectations and standards required of front line child protection practice *establish rigorous procedures to audit and monitor the quality of case files across all partner agencies and ensure processes are in place to deliver improvement *establish clear procedures and protocols for communication and collaboration between social care, health and police services to support safeguarding of children, and ensure that these are adhered to *assure the competence of service and team managers in conducting rigorous and evaluative supervision and monitoring of safeguarding practice *appoint an independent chairperson to the local safeguarding children board (LSCB). Whilst not a mandatory requirement, it would be good practice for the Local Authority to: *ensure that all elected members have CRB checks *ensure that all elected members undertake safeguarding training.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Legal Response Of Marijuana Possession - 1752 Words

Prohibition has been initiated many times throughout history in attempt to control and deter civilians from the use of substances or from different types of behaviors that are believed to be destructive. More recently, several types have been discussed in terms of the social problem of substance abuse and ways that can be implemented in the methods of attempting to prevent the continued global spread of this problem. According to MacCoun, Reuter, Pacula, et al, â€Å"The appropriate legal response to marijuana possession has been a matter of public debate in the U.S. and Western Europe since the 1970s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Do Citizens Know Whether Their State Has Decriminalized Marijuana?..., 2009, pg. 348). The growing problem of illicit substance use has†¦show more content†¦The federal legal system has been failing for years to bring control to the use and abuse of drugs like marijuana. The history behind marijuana criminalization stands to provide rationale behind why the state governing systems initially prohibited the use of marijuana, and state governing systems, such as in Kansas, want to legalize the use of marijuana and believe that this idea will aid in counteracting the social problem of the substance, however, undetermined factors could easily produce more harm than good in the removal of regulations. The laws that encompass the limits imposed upon the distribution, sale, and use of drugs have been enforced since the early 1900’s (Burnett Reiman, 2014). There are many stated hypothetical and some factually based assumptions out there about why marijuana was classified as illegal back in the early 1900’s, but the truth lies in the generalized control of population through the use of fear-based insinuations and greed from our own government. Throughout history, American culture has had a tendency to create hate-mongering and overall distaste for what is believed to be undesirable or unwanted, i.e. Native Americans (cowboys and Indians), African Americans (diseases and white supremacy), and more recently Iraqis and Muslims (after effects of 911 terrorism, religious